Effects of age and physical performance capacity on distribution and composition of high-density lipoprotein subfractions in men

The influences of age and maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max) on serum lipoproteins with special regard to the concentration, composition and distribution of high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions were investigated in 51 healthy males of different characteristics: younger than 35 years, untrained (n = 14, mean age 28.2 years, SD 6.0; VO2max, 47.9 ml.kg-1.min-1, SD 5.8) and trained (n = 11, mean age 27.9 years, SD 4.3; VO2max, 61.1 ml.kg-1.min-1, SD 5.1), older than 50 years untrained (n = 14, mean age 58.9 years, SD 5.9, VO2max, 29.3 ml.kg-1.min-1, SD 5.3) and trained (n = 12, mean age 59.3 years, SD 7.2, VO2max, 45.7 ml.kg-1.min-1, SD 7.7). The fasting-state serum concentrations of total cholesterol, tri-acylglycerol and lipoprotein-cholesterol were measured. The HDL-subfractions were separated by density (rho) gradient ultracentrifugation. Concentrations of cholesterol, cholesterylester, tri-acylglycerol, phospholipids, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and A-II were measured in the subfractions HDL2b: rho = 1.063-1.100 g.ml-1; HDL2al: rho = 1.00-1.110 g.ml-1; HDL2a2: rho = 1.110-1.150 g.ml-1; HDL3: rho = 1.150-1.210 g.ml-1. Elderly untrained subjects showed increased serum concentrations of total-, very low- and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and elevated tri-acylglycerol levels. The HDL-cholesterol concentration was decreased, due to reduced concentrations of HDL2-subfractions. Significant changes in the composition of HDL2-subfractions were found in elderly untrained subjects. The HDL2-subfractions had more protein, a decreased apoA-I:A-II ratio and less phospholipids in comparison to HDL2-subfractions from younger untrained and trained, and elderly trained subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

猕猴属五个种mtDNA多态性研究

本文以10种限制性内切酶研究猕猴属5个种(Macaca mulatta.M.nemestrina.M.assemensis.M.thibetana,M arctoides)线粒体DNA进化。在13个个体中,共检出8种限制性类型。恒河猴种内存在广泛的线粒休DNA限制性片段长度多态性(RFLP)。结合日本猴(M.fuscata)的有关资料,构建了猕猴属6个种的分子系统树,并给出各个种的分化时间。结果表明,这6个种可分成4个类群,熊猴和藏酋猴、恒河猴和日本猴之间的遗传距离较近,可分别划为同一类群,红面猴与其他5种猴的遗传距离最远,在系统发生上分离最早。     

Effects of training at simulated altitude on performance and muscle metabolic capacity in competitive road cyclists

Differences between the effects of training at sea level and at simulated altitude on performance and muscle structural and biochemical properties were investigated in 8 competitive cyclists who trained for 3-4 weeks, 4-5 sessions/week, each session consisting of cycling for 60-90 min continuously and 45-60 min intermittently. Four subjects, the altitude group (AG), trained in a hypobaric chamber (574 torr = 2300 m above sea level), and the other four at sea level (SLG). Before and after training work capacity was tested both at simulated altitude (574 torr) and at sea level, by an incremental cycle ergometer test until exhaustion. Work capacity was expressed as total amount of work performed. Venous blood samples were taken during the tests. Leg muscle biopsies were taken at rest before and after the training period. AG exhibited an increase of 33% in both sea level and altitude performance, while SLG increased 22% at sea level and 14% at altitude. Blood lactate concentration at a given submaximal load at altitude was significantly more reduced by training in AG than SLG. Muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity decreased with training in AG but increased in SLG. All AG subjects showed increases in capillary density. In conclusion, work capacity at altitude was increased more by training at altitude than at sea level. Work capacity at sea level was at least as much improved by altitude as by sea level training. The improved work capacity by training at altitude was paralleled by decreased exercise blood lactate concentration, increased capillarization and decreased glycolytic capacity in leg muscle.     

Characterization of fall armyworm mitochondrial DNA (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Mitochondrial DNA from the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), was cloned and characterized using restriction enzyme mapping. Genome size is approximately 16.3 kilobase (Kb), consistent with that of most animals. Three fragments, 8.1 Kb, 6.2 Kb, and 2.0 Kb, were produced by digestion with restriction enzyme Xbal and cloned into a pUC19 vector. Twenty-nine restriction enzymes were used to generate a detailed physical restriction enzyme map of the three cloned fragments. These data represent the first detailed characterization of a lepidopteran mitochondrial genome. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Mapping genes essential for embryo development in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Summary We have previously isolated and characterized over 90 recessive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana defective in embryo development. These emb mutants have been shown to differ in lethal phase, extent of abnormal development, and response in culture. We demonstrate in this report the value and efficiency of mapping emb genes relative to visible and molecular markers. Sixteen genes essential for embryo development were mapped relative to visible markers by analyzing progeny of selfed F₁ plants. Embryonic lethals are now the most common type of visible marker included on the linkage map of Arabidopsis. Backcrosses were used in several cases to orient genes relative to adjacent markers. Three genes were located to chromosome arms with telotrisomics by screening for a reduction in the percentage of aborted seeds produced by F₁ plants. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping strategy that utilizes pooled EMB/EMB F₂ plants was devised to increase the efficiency of mapping embryonic lethals relative to molecular markers. This strategy was tested by demonstrating that the biol locus of Arabidopsis is within 0.5 cM of an existing RFLP marker. Mapping embryonic lethals with both visible and molecular markers may therefore help to identify large numbers of genes with essential functions in Arabidopsis.     

RFLP mapping using near-isogenic lines in the soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

Summary A molecular marker analysis of a near-isogenic line (NIL), its donor parent (DP), and its recurrent parent (RP) can provide information about linkages between molecular markers and a conventional marker introgressed into the NIL. If the DP and RP possess different alleles for a given molecular marker, and if the NIL possesses the same allele as the DP, then it is reasonable to presume a linkage between that molecular marker and the introgressed marker. In this study, we examined the utility of RFLPs as molecular markers for the NIL genemapping approach. The allelic status of fifteen RFLP loci was determined in 116 soybean RP/NIL/DP line sets; 66 of the Clark RP type and 50 of the Harosoy RP type. Of the 1740 possible allelic comparisons (116 NILs x 15 RFLP loci), 1638 were tested and 462 (33.9%) of those were informative (i.e., the RP and DP had different RFLP alleles). In 15 (3.2%) of these 462 cases the NIL possessed the DP-derived RFLP allele, leading to a presumption of linkage between the RFLP locus and the introgressed conventional marker locus. Two presumptive linkages, pK-3 — and pK-472 — Lf _i, were subsequently confirmed by cosegregation linkage analysis. Although not yet confirmed, two other associations, pk-7 ab and pK-229 — y ₉ seemed to be plausible linkages, primarily because the pk-7 — ab association was detected in two independently derived NILs and both markers of the pK-229 — y ₉ association were known to be linked to Pb. The data obtained in this investigation indicated that RFLP loci were useful molecular markers for the NIL gene-mapping technique.Published as Paper no. 9101, Journal Series, Nebraska Agric. Res. Div. Project no. 12-091. Research partially funded by a grant from the Nebraska Soybean Development, Utilization, and Marketing Board     

人体和动物模型的体表物理信息地形图的研究

对人体头面、躯干、四肢、耳廓各局部几十个及整个人体等体表部位正、背面等210个部位进行超微弱冷光和温度测量,输入电子计算机,经特殊的自编程序处理,获得十分清晰的,由3000多数据构成的各个局部或人体整体的冷光和温度地形图。 对家兔左、右耳廓、胸腹部、背部都分别观察32个部位的冷光与体表温度,经计算机分析处理,每观察区域获得约由2000个数据构成的精确的冷光、温度地形分市图。并可见不同生理、病理状态及不同病程家兔体表冷光、温度等地形图呈有规律的改变。 此外,我们还编制了以体表左右相应对称部位差值为分析数据进行地形图分析的程序,用以人体和动物体表物理信息对称规律的研究。 本工作以图形的形式显示物理参量在体表的广泛的分布规律,以揭示机体内部的不同生理、病理状态。本方法定位准确、直观醒目,为研究体表信息及机体生命活动规律提供了与逐点直接测量方法相互补充的有益的新手段。     

两种锦鸡和环颈雉线粒体DNA(mtDNA)的比较研究

本文以10种限制性内切酶分析雉科中环颈雉,红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡线粒体DNA（mtDNA）。雉属与锦鸡属之间的遗传距离P为0.076（0.067-0.085）,红腹锦鸡与白腹锦鸡的P为0.012。推算雉属和锦鸡属的分化大约发生在3.8×10[6]年以前,红腹锦鸡与白腹锦鸡的分化大约在6×10[5]年以前。这些结果表明：1.在雉科系统发生中,雉属与锦鸡属是近缘的属;2.红腹锦鸡和白腹锦鸡的分化较晚,关系密切,可能只是两个亚种。     

Effect of lowered muscle temperature on the physiological response to exercise in men

The effect of low muscle temperature on the response to dynamic exercise was studied in six healthy men who performed 42 min of exercise on a cycle ergometer at an intensity of 70% of their maximal O2 uptake. Experiments were performed under control conditions, i.e. from rest at room temperature, and following 45 min standing with legs immersed in a water bath at 12 degrees C. The water bath reduced quadriceps muscle temperature (at 3 cm depth) from 36.4 (SD 0.5) degrees C to 30.5 (SD 1.7) degrees C. Following cooling, exercise heart rate was initially lower, the mean difference ranged from 13 (SD 4) beats.min-1 after 6 min of exercise, to 4 (SD 2) beats.min-1 after 24 min of exercise. Steady-state oxygen uptake was consistently higher (0.2 l.min-1). However, no difference could be discerned in the kinetics of oxygen uptake at the onset of exercise. During exercise after cooling a significantly higher peak value was found for the blood lactate concentration compared to that under control conditions. The peak values were both reached after approximately 9 min of exercise. After 42 min of exercise the blood lactate concentrations did not differ significantly, indicating a faster rate of removal during exercise after cooling. We interpreted these observations as reflecting a relatively higher level of muscle hypoxia at the onset of exercise as a consequence of a cold-induced vasoconstriction. The elevated steady-state oxygen uptake may in part have been accounted for by the energetic costs of removal of the extra lactate released into the blood consequent upon initial tissue hypoxia.     

单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型DNA克隆片段的限制酶切分析

本文采用10种限制性内切核酸酶分析了单纯疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(HSV-2)335株DNA BglⅡ8种克隆片段共12个重组质粒。发现了HSV-2 DNA L链末端区域有限制酶切位点的变异并对HSV-2 DNA单一序列区域和末端重复区域的稳定性进行了初步讨论。本文应用末端标记技术和末端杂交分析法对编码糖蛋白D的HSV-2 DNA BglⅡL片段和含有形态学转化基因的HSV-2DNA BglⅡN片段进行了详细的限制性内切核酸酶物理图谱分析。